The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Nordbrock, 952 F.2d 408 (9th Cir. 1991):
"(1) the defendant made and subscribed a return, statement, or other document that was incorrect as to a material matter; (2) the return, statement, or other document subscribed by the defendant contained a written declaration of perjury; (3) the defendant did not believe the return, statement, or other document to be true and correct as to every material matter; and (4) the defendant falsely subscribed to the return, statement, or other document willfully, with the specific intent to violate the law."
United States v. Marabelles, 724 F.2d 1374, 1380 (9th Cir.1984) (citations omitted).
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