The following excerpt is from U.S. v. All Right, Title and Interest in Real Property and Appurtenances, 77 F.3d 648 (2nd Cir. 1996):
Id. 881(a)(7). Once the government has shown probable cause to believe that property is subject to forfeiture, the burden of proof shifts to the claimant opposing forfeiture to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the narcotics activity on the property occurred without its knowledge or, if it had knowledge, without its consent. See United States v. Two Parcels of Property Located at 19 & 25 Castle Street, 31 F.3d 35, 39 (2d Cir.1994).
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