The following excerpt is from Ramirez v. Reagan, 82 F.3d 423 (9th Cir. 1996):
The law governing an area is clearly established if the contours of that law are "sufficiently clear [so] that a reasonable official would understand that what he is doing violates that right." Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639 (1987). As a result, it is not necessary that precedent establish that the defendant's exact actions are unlawful. Id. at 640.
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