The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Martinez, 5 F.3d 542 (9th Cir. 1993):
Appellants' first contention is without merit. The district court is not required to make an express finding that the government has established the existence of a conspiracy and the defendants' connection to such a scheme. See United States v. Tamez, 941 F.2d 770, 775 (9th Cir.1991).
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