The following excerpt is from Singh v. Bunch, No. 1:15-cv-00646-GEB-BAM (E.D. Cal. 2016):
"Vague and conclusory allegations of official participation in civil rights violations are not sufficient to withstand a motion to dismiss." Ivey v. Bd. of Regents of Univ. of Alaska, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). Further:
Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 633 (9th Cir. 1988) (alteration in original) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
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