California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Ramirez, A148437 (Cal. App. 2017):
Appellant argues any error is structural and requires reversal. We disagree. " 'Under the federal Constitution, error pertaining to a defendant's presence is evaluated under the harmless-beyond-a-reasonable-doubt standard set forth in Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 23.' " (Mendoza, supra, 62 Cal.4th at p. 902 [rejecting
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