What is the test for determining whether a sentence is procedurally unreasonable or substantively unreasonable?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from United States v. Bailey, 19-2198-cr (2nd Cir. 2020):

"This court review[s] the procedural and substantive reasonableness of a sentence under a deferential abuse-of-discretion standard." United States v. Richardson, 958 F.3d 151, 153 (2d Cir. 2020) (internal quotation marks omitted). A sentence is procedurally unreasonable if, inter alia, a district court "makes a mistake in its Guidelines calculation." United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d 180, 190 (2d Cir. 2008) (en banc). We consider "[a] sentence . . . substantively unreasonable if it is manifestly unjust or shock[s] the conscience." Richardson, 958 F.3d at 153-54 (internal quotation marks omitted).

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