What is the test for determining whether a claimant suffers from a qualifying disability under the Social Security Act?

To determine if a claimant suffers from a qualifying disability under the Social Security Act, the Commissioner follows a five-step, sequential evaluation process. See 20 C.F.R. 416.920(a)(4). The only step at issue here, the second step, requires the Commissioner to "consider[] whether the claimant has a severe impairment which significantly limits h[er] physical or mental ability to do basic work activities." Talavera v. Astrue, 697 F.3d 145, 151 (2d Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks omitted).