California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Camarillo, A155577 (Cal. App. 2021):
Assuming without deciding that the jury should have been instructed specifically to consider appellant's youth in determining the reasonableness of any belief he had in the need to act in self-defense, and also assuming the more rigorous test of prejudice from Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18 applies, we conclude "beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained." (Id. at p. 24.) Here, the jury was convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant did not actually8
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