What is the test for a government official to claim qualified immunity in a civil case?

"The doctrine of qualified immunity protects government officials 'from liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.' [Citation.]" (Pearson v. Callahan (2009) 555 U.S. 223, 231 [172 L.Ed.2d 565, 573].) When considering a claim of qualified immunity, a court must determine "whether the facts that a plaintiff has alleged . . . make out a violation of a constitutional right," and "whether the right at issue was 'clearly established' at the time of defendant's alleged misconduct." (Id. at p. 232.) Qualified immunity shields a government official unless his conduct violated a clearly established constitutional right. (Ibid.)