The following excerpt is from Shirley v. City of Whitefish, Mont., 103 F.3d 140 (9th Cir. 1996):
We disagree. The Fourth Amendment right to be free from an unreasonable seizure resulting from the use of excessive force in the course of a lawful arrest was clearly established on October 13, 1993, the date of the events involved in this appeal. Hernandez v. City of Los Angeles, 624 F.2d 935, 938 (9th Cir.1980).
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