California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Barnes, C078009 (Cal. App. 2017):
general principles of law relevant to the issues raised by the evidence." [Citation.] Therefore, a claim that a court failed to properly instruct on the applicable principles of law is reviewed de novo. [Citation.] In conducting this review, we first ascertain the relevant law and then "determine the meaning of the instructions in this regard." [Citation.] [] The proper test for judging the adequacy of instructions is to decide whether the trial court "fully and fairly instructed on the applicable law . . . ." [Citation.] " 'In determining whether error has been committed in giving or not giving jury instructions, we must consider the instructions as a whole . . . [and] assume that the jurors are intelligent persons and capable of understanding and correlating all jury instructions which are given. [Citation.]' " [Citation.] "Instructions should be interpreted, if possible, so as to support the judgment rather than defeat it if they are reasonably susceptible to such interpretation." ' " (People v. Mathson (2012) 210 Cal.App.4th 1297, 1311-1312.)
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