What is the test for a civil rights claim under the Tom Bane Civil Rights Act?

The Tom Bane Civil Rights Act, 1987 Cal. Stat. 4544, was enacted in 1987 to address hate crimes. The Bane Act civilly protects individuals from conduct aimed at interfering with rights that are secured by federal or state law, where the interference is carried out "by threats, intimidation or coercion." See Venegas v. County of Los Angeles , 153 Cal.App.4th 1230, 63 Cal.Rptr.3d 741, 742 (2007). Section 52.1"provides a cause of action for violations of a plaintiff's state or federal civil rights committed by threats, intimidation, or coercion. " Chaudhry v. City of Los Angeles , 751 F.3d 1096, 1105 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Cal. Civ. Code 52.1 ).² Claims under section 52.1 may be brought against public officials who are alleged to interfere with protected rights, and qualified immunity is not available for those

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