The following excerpt is from Gonzalez v. Kernan, Case No.: 15cv1882-H-KSC (S.D. Cal. 2017):
private individual and the police, whether the private individual was acting on his or her own initiative, and whether there is a quid pro quo underlying the private individual's relationship with the state. United States v. Pace, 833 F.2d 1307, 1313 (9th Cir. 1987).
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