What is the legal test for challenging the sufficiency of evidence in a criminal case?

In challenging the sufficiency of the evidence, defendants "bear[ ] a heavy burden," as our "standard of review is exceedingly deferential." United States v. Coplan, 703 F.3d 46, 62 (2d Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks omitted). We examine a defendant's challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence de novo and "affirm if the evidence, when viewed in its totality and in the light most favorable to the government, would permit any rational jury to find the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." United States v. Yannotti, 541 F.3d 112, 120 (2d Cir. 2008).