California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Davis, 149 Cal.Rptr. 777, 85 Cal.App.3d 916 (Cal. App. 1978):
It is well settled that the right of a criminal defendant to the assistance of effective counsel is one of constitutional dimension; if it is demonstrated that a trial attorney's inadequacy has reduced a trial to a "farce and sham," the defendant's conviction will be reversed. (People v. Ibarra (1963) 60 Cal.2d 460, 34 Cal.Rptr. 863, 386 P.2d 487.) Following the declaration of this principle in Ibarra, some definitive guidelines have evolved in the case law concerning the proper approach for assessing the contention defendant has made here.
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