California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Roche v. Hyde, 265 Cal.Rptr.3d 301, 51 Cal.App.5th 757 (Cal. App. 2020):
all seek recovery for the same damage,36 which is the determining factor under California's primary rights approach to defining a single cause of action. ( Slater v. Blackwood (1975) 15 Cal.3d 791, 795, 126 Cal.Rptr. 225, 543 P.2d 593 ["the cause of action is based upon the harm suffered, as opposed to the particular theory asserted by the litigant"].) Thus, none of these theories of liability stands independently as a separate cause of action.
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