The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Watkins, 12 F.3d 1110 (9th Cir. 1993):
The de novo standard of review is applied to a district court's finding that a threat to public safety temporarily suspends the obligation to give a Miranda warning. United States v. Brady, 819 F.2d 884, 886 (9th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 1068 (1988).
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