The following excerpt is from Levine v. Commissioner of Correctional Services, 44 F.3d 121 (2nd Cir. 1995):
To satisfy the cause standard, a petitioner must show that " 'some objective factor external to the defense impeded counsel's efforts' to raise the claim in state court." McCleskey v. Zant, 499 U.S. 467, 493, 111 S.Ct. 1454, 1470, 113 L.Ed.2d 517 (1991) (quoting Murray v. Carrier, 477 U.S. 478, 488, 106 S.Ct. 2639, 2645, 91 L.Ed.2d 397 (1986)). "[I]nterference by officials" is one such factor. McCleskey, 499 U.S. at 494, 111 S.Ct. at 1470 (internal quotations omitted).
The above passage should not be considered legal advice. Reliable answers to complex legal questions require comprehensive research memos. To learn more visit www.alexi.com.