California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Sabdala, 206 Cal.App.3d 403, 253 Cal.Rptr. 603 (Cal. App. 1988):
While we recognize in other contexts the procedural-substantive dichotomy has been described as problematic (see People v. Smith, supra, 34 Cal.3d 251, 260, 193 Cal.Rptr. 692, 667 P.2d 149), in light of May we find that the burden of proof required for admission at trial of a defendant's statement is not a substantive right encompassed by the privilege provisions of Evidence Code section 940.
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