California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Staten, B236234 (Cal. App. 2013):
A sentence enhancement may be imposed pursuant to section 186.22, subdivision (b)(1), on "any person who is convicted of a felony committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with any criminal street gang, with the specific intent to promote, further, or assist in any criminal conduct by gang members . . . ." The enhancement requires "both that the felony be gang related and that the defendant act with a specific intent to promote, further, or assist the gang." (People v. Rodriguez (Dec. 27, 2012, S187680 [2012 Cal. LEXIS 11909], __ Cal.4th _, _.)
Not every crime committed by a gang member is gang related. (People v. Albillar (2010) 51 Cal.4th 47, 60.) Furthermore, a finding that an offense is subject to section
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