California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Johnson, F060077, Kern Super. Ct. No. BF129298A (Cal. App. 2011):
However, a detention does not occur when a police officer says "stop" and the suspect does not actually stop. "A police officer may make a seizure by a show of authority and without the use of physical force, but there is no seizure without actual submission; otherwise, there is at most an attempted seizure, so far as the Fourth Amendment is concerned. [Citation.]" (Brendlin v. California (2007) 551 U.S. 249, 254, italics added.) When an officer orders a subject to halt in "a show of authority," and the
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