California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Adriana G. (In re Adriana G.), G052379 (Cal. App. 2017):
261, 270-271 (J.D.B.) [declining to determine specific relevant circumstances].) "Although no one factor is controlling, the following circumstances should be considered: '(1) [W]hether the suspect has been formally arrested; (2) absent formal arrest, the length of the detention; (3) the location; (4) the ratio of officers to suspects; and (5) the demeanor of the officer, including the nature of questioning.' [Citation.] Additional factors are whether the suspect agreed to the interview and was informed he or she could terminate the questioning, whether police informed the person he or she was considered a witness or suspect, whether there were restrictions on the suspect's freedom of movement during the interview, and whether police officers dominated and controlled the interrogation or were 'aggressive, confrontational, and/or accusatory,' whether they pressured the suspect, and whether the suspect was arrested at the conclusion of the interview. [Citation.]" (People v. Pilster (2006) 138 Cal.App.4th 1395, 1403-1404.) In addition, a juvenile suspect's age is a relevant factor, "so long as [it] was known to the officer at the time of police questioning, or would have been objectively apparent to a reasonable officer." (J.D.B., supra, 564 U.S. at p. 277.)
The above passage should not be considered legal advice. Reliable answers to complex legal questions require comprehensive research memos. To learn more visit www.alexi.com.