Alberta, Canada
The following excerpt is from R. v. Derose, 2001 ABPC 146 (CanLII):
In The Queen v. Landes [1988] 1 C.T.C. 124 Scheter J. reviewed the law extensively relating to offences relating to s. 239(1)(a) and 239(1)(d) and concluded that both offences required mens rea that established actions that were secretive, deceitful or secretive in nature.
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