The plaintiff must establish on the balance of probabilities that the two accidents caused or materially contributed to her chronic pain syndrome. The defendants’ negligence need not be the sole cause of the injury but it must be part of the cause and beyond the de minimis range. Causation is not to be determined by a scientific precision: see Athey v. Leonati, 1996 CanLII 183 (SCC), [1996] 3 S.C.R. 458 at paras. 13 to 17:
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