What constitutes “substantial success” in a personal injury action?

The determination of what constitutes “success” or “substantial success” was discussed by Mr. Justice Bouck in Fotheringham v. Fotheringham, 2001 BCSC 1321 [Fotheringham] as involving a four step inquiry: … (1) focus on the matters in dispute at trial which may or may not include issues explicitly mentioned in the pleadings; (2) assess the weight or importance of those matters to the parties; (3) conduct a global determination with respect to the matters in issue and determine which party substantially succeeded overall; (4) if one party substantially succeeded, consider whether there are reasons to deprive the winning party of costs.