California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Chavez, B232273 (Cal. App. 2012):
In any event, had there been an abuse of discretion, it was harmless in that it is not reasonably probable that appellant would have received a more favorable verdict had the evidence been excluded. (People v. Scheer (1998) 68 Cal.App.4th 1009, 1018-1019; People v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal.2d 818, 836.) First, the evidence against appellant was strong. Multiple police officers testified as to his conduct during the altercation. Deputy Macias testified that appellant precipitated the confrontation by taking a fighting stance and refusing to stop fighting and allow the officers to subdue him.
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