Is evidence of a person's membership in or association with a criminal enterprise circumstantial?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from United States v. Stanley, 19-931-cr (2nd Cir. 2020):

We disagree. We have previously "recognize[d] that evidence of a person's membership in or association with a criminal enterprise may be circumstantial because Section 1959(b)(2) defines enterprise in part as a 'group of individuals associated in fact.'" United States v. Ferguson, 246 F.3d 129, 135 (2d Cir. 2001) (quoting 18 U.S.C. 1959(b)(2)).

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