California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Lundquist v. Marine Engineers Beneficial Ass'n No. 97, Inc., 208 Cal.App.2d 390, 25 Cal.Rptr. 250 (Cal. App. 1962):
So far as exemplary damages are concerned, petitioner concedes that section 3294, Civil Code (providing for exemplary damages) is preconditioned on the recovery of actual damages. (Sasser v. Miles & Sons Trucking Service (1953) 119 Cal.App.2d 239, 243-244, 259 P.2d 488.)
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