California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Deloney, C060503 (Cal. App. 2011):
"Under California law, a person who aids and abets the commission of a crime is a 'principal' in the crime, and thus shares the guilt of the actual perpetrator. ( 31.)" (People v. Prettyman (1996) 14 Cal.4th 248, 259.) "[A]n aider and abettor is a person who, 'acting with (1) knowledge of the unlawful purpose of the perpetrator; and (2) the intent or purpose of committing, encouraging, or facilitating the commission of the offense, (3) by act or advice aids, promotes,
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encourages, or instigates, the commission of the crime.'" (Ibid.)
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