The following excerpt is from Martinez v. ASARCO Inc., 28 F.3d 107 (9th Cir. 1994):
A district court's decision to enforce a pretrial order's limits on theories of liability is reviewed for abuse of discretion. Acorn v. Phoenix, 798 F.2d 1260, 1272 (9th Cir.1986). However, a district court's factual finding regarding whether a legal theory was or was not implicitly included in the pretrial order is reviewed for clear error. Id.
The above passage should not be considered legal advice. Reliable answers to complex legal questions require comprehensive research memos. To learn more visit www.alexi.com.