The following excerpt is from Bates v. Jones, 131 F.3d 843 (9th Cir. 1997):
1 Even so, federal courts often abstain to allow the state courts to interpret state statutes first. See Railroad Comm'n of Texas v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496, 61 S.Ct. 643, 85 L.Ed. 971 (1941).
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