The following excerpt is from Brownlee v. Marshal, 66 F.3d 334 (9th Cir. 1995):
In California, the jury must find that the perpetrator had the requisite intent before convicting the aider and abettor. See People v. Torres, 224 Cal.App.3d 763, 770 (1990); People v. Patterson, 209 Cal.App.3d 610, 615 (1989).
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