In a civil case, what is the effect of the error by a federal judge in overruling an objection made by a witness?

Defendant contends the error also violated his right to confront witnesses under the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Although he did not specifically invoke the federal Constitution at trial, he may raise this contention on appeal to the extent he argues that the erroneous overruling of the objection actually made also had the consequence of violating his federal confrontation rights. (People v. Gutierrez, supra, 45 Cal.4th at p. 809.)³ But the contention lacks merit.

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