How have the victims and witnesses been treated by the courts in the past?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Ruiz, H040242 (Cal. App. 2015):

2. Throughout the trial the victims and many of the witnesses were referred to by their first names only. We do the same to protect their anonymity.

3. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 384 U.S. 436.

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