How have the jury been instructed on aiding and abetting and conspiracy in a carjacking case?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Nakai, 413 F.3d 1019 (9th Cir. 2005):

Instruction on conspiracy. The jury was given a standard instruction on aiding and abetting and also on conspiracy. The conspiracy the jury was instructed that it could find was an agreement "to commit carjacking, robbery, kidnaping, or murder, and use of a firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence as charged in the indictment." The last five words were apparently intended to modify only the firearm count, as no conspiracy had been charged in the indictment. Pursuant to Pinkerton v. United States, 328 U.S. 640, 66 S.Ct. 1180, 90 L.Ed. 1489 (1946), the conspiracy instruction informed the jury that each defendant was "responsible for what the other conspirators said or did to carry out the conspiracy, even if the defendant did not know what they said or did."

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