How have courts interpreted the doctrine of standing in cases where standing was not granted?

Courts cannot, however, parse every allocation of power under the separation doctrine. We are not the ideal arbiters of efficient administration in many instances because we are not constituted to choose and to apply optimal theories of political and organizational science applicable to the routine operation of the Government. An examination of the many instances in which strict separation is not observed, cases both actual and conceivable, shows at one extreme a mere tinkering with the balance, of limited scope or temporal duration, growing out of a great practical necessity, and presenting a realistic threat neither to individual liberty nor to the orderly functioning of a coordinate branch. An example approved in the case law is the congressional prerogative to grant standing to persons otherwise barred by internal prudential rules developed by the courts to govern litigation before them. See, e. g., Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 501, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 2206, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975).