The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Sahanaja, 430 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 2005):
In light of the "distance and time factors" presented in Cardona, we assessed the constitutionality of the search under the extended border search doctrine articulated in Alexander v. United States, 362 F.2d 379, 382 (9th Cir.1966):
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