How does the Court of Appeal review sentences for substantive reasonableness?

We review sentences for reasonableness. See United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d 180, 187 (2d Cir. 2008) (en banc). The reasonableness standard "applies both to 'the sentence itself' and to 'the procedures employed in arriving at the sentence.'" United States v. Verkhoglyad, 516 F.3d 122, 127 (2d Cir. 2008) (quoting United States v. Fernandez, 443 F.3d 19, 26 (2d Cir. 2006)). The substantive reasonableness inquiry assesses "the length of the sentence imposed in light of the [ 3553(a)] factors." United States v. Villafuerte, 502 F.3d 204, 206 (2d Cir. 2007). "In reviewing for substantive reasonableness, we consider the totality of the circumstances and reverse only in exceptional cases where the trial court's decision cannot be located within the range of possible decisions." United States v. Mason, 692 F.3d 178, 181 (2d Cir. 2012) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).