Does the natural and probable consequences doctrine apply to a defendant who knowingly aids and abets criminal conduct?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Lewis, 257 Cal.Rptr.3d 265, 43 Cal.App.5th 1128 (Cal. App. 2020):
3 Under the natural and probable consequences doctrine, a " person who knowingly aids and abets criminal conduct is guilty of not only the intended crime ... but also of any other crime the perpetrator actually commits ... that is a natural and probable consequence of the intended crime. " (People v. Medina (2009) 46 Cal.4th 913, 920, 95 Cal.Rptr.3d 202, 209 P.3d 105.)
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