The following excerpt is from Aguirre-Gutierrez v. I.N.S., 951 F.2d 358 (9th Cir. 1991):
Deportation based on a past criminal conviction does not violate the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Constitution. Deportation is a civil action, thus the Double Jeopardy Clause is inapplicable. LeTourneur v. INS, 538 F.2d 1368, 1370 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1044 (1977).
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