California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Valenzuela v. Perry, B302472 (Cal. App. 2020):
all tort actions except malicious prosecution claims. (Ibid.) The litigation privilege "applies to any communication (1) made in judicial or quasi-judicial proceedings; (2) by litigants or other participants authorized by law; (3) to achieve the objects of the litigation; and (4) that have some connection or logical relation to the action." (Id. at p. 212.) Whether a plaintiff has made a prima facie showing of his ability to overcome the litigation privilege is "a factual question that will require evaluation of plaintiffs' proffered evidence . . . ." (Birkner v. Lam (2007) 156 Cal.App.4th 275, 286.)
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