The following excerpt is from People v. Wicks, 556 N.E.2d 409, 556 N.Y.S.2d 970, 76 N.Y.2d 128 (N.Y. 1990):
The question we confront today is that expressly left open in People v. Hodge, 53 N.Y.2d 313, 441 N.Y.S.2d 231, 423 N.E.2d 1060: whether harmless error analysis applies to the failure to provide counsel to a criminal defendant at a preliminary hearing pursuant to CPL 180.10. While harmless error analysis is inapplicable to alleged errors depriving a defendant of effective assistance of counsel at his trial or generally [556 N.E.2d 410]
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