The following excerpt is from United States v. Young, 15-3075-cr (2nd Cir. 2016):
2. Harmless error analysis does not apply when a criminal defendant is denied the right to appear pro se. United States v. Plattner, 330 F.2d 271, 273 (2d Cir. 1964). To repeat, Wint does not argue that he ever invoked (and therefore was denied) his right of self-representation.
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