Does an aider and abettor have to be convicted for crimes committed by the direct perpetrator?

California, United States of America

The following excerpt is from People v. Flores, 2 Cal.App.5th 855, 206 Cal.Rptr.3d 732 (Cal. App. 2016):

An aider and abettor may be convicted for crimes committed by the direct perpetrator under two alternative theories: under direct aiding and abetting principles and under the so-called natural and probable consequences doctrine. (People v. McCoy (2001) 25 Cal.4th 1111, 11171118, 108 Cal.Rptr.2d 188, 24 P.3d 1210.) Under direct aiding and abetting principles, the defendant is guilty of the intended (or target) offense if he or she acted with knowledge of the criminal purpose

[206 Cal.Rptr.3d 741]

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