California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Eck, 76 Cal.App.4th 759, 90 Cal.Rptr.2d 594 (Cal. App. 1999):
Nor was this evidence of motive cumulative to any other evidence introduced at trial. (Cf. People v. Cardenas (1982) 31 Cal.3d 897, 904 [admission of evidence of gang membership to prove witness bias was abuse of discretion where bias already was established through other testimony].)
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