The following excerpt is from Welch v. District Court of Vermont Unit No. 5, Washington County, 594 F.2d 903 (2nd Cir. 1979):
3 Although the defendant's negative response does contain certain communicative qualities by definition, that alone does not render the refusal "sufficiently testimonial for purposes of the (Fifth Amendment) privilege." Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. 391, 411, 96 S.Ct. 1569, 1581, 48 L.Ed.2d 39 (1976).
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