The following excerpt is from Melendez v. Arizona Dept. of Economic Sec., 12 F.3d 1107 (9th Cir. 1993):
"District courts ... have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States." 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1331. District courts do not, however, have jurisdiction "over direct challenges to final decisions of state courts, even if those challenges allege that the state court's action was unconstitutional." Allah v. Superior Court, 871 F.2d 887, 890 (9th Cir.1989).
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