California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Nieto, F079049 (Cal. App. 2020):
defendant's right of confrontation at the formal revocation hearing does not arise from the confrontation clause, but from due process [citation]; it is 'not absolute. Confrontation may be denied if the trier-of-fact finds and expresses good cause for doing so.' [Citation.] For example, the former testimony of a legally unavailable witness is generally admissible. [Citation.] Due process does not prohibit the 'use where appropriate of the conventional substitutes for live testimony, including affidavits, depositions, and documentary evidence.' " (People v. Gomez (2010) 181 Cal.App.4th 1028, 1033-1034.)
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