What are the elements of a civil fraud case?
Ontario, Canada
The following excerpt is from Vignjevic, P. v. Reeves, et al, 2019 ONSC 7458 (CanLII):
The elements of civil fraud are as follows: a) a false representation made by the defendant; b) knowledge of the falsehood of the representation on the part of the defendant; c) the false representation caused the plaintiff to act; and, d) the plaintiff’s actions resulted in a loss: Hryniak v. Mauldin, 2014 SCC 7, [2014] 1 S.C.R. 87, at para. 87.
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